Clases de blackjack -
Clásico El Blackjack Clásico se caracteriza porque el croupier comienza con una carta y el jugador, a cambio puede disponer de una apuesta de seguro con la que recuperar pérdidas en caso de que la banca tenga blackjack. Una vez todos se deciden, la partida sigue y, al final, el croupier añade una segunda carta para comprobar quién gana.
Lee Más. Europeo En el Blackjack Europeo, el comportamiento del croupier es el que vuelve a determinar la categoría. Este comienza repartiéndose tan solo una carta y, una vez todos los jugadores hacen las pertinentes jugadas y terminan, se reparte una segunda y descubre su mano.
Todo queda siempre al descubierto por su parte, no hay cartas tapadas por parte de la banca. Americano El Blackjack Americano tiene una peculiaridad que radica en el comienzo de la partida. El croupier debe mostrar una de las cartas que tiene al comienzo, si esta es un As o un 10, entonces debe comprobar la otra que posee.
Si con ambas tiene Blackjack, la partida se acaba ipso facto, sin oportunidad de hacer nada. Quienes tengan blackjack podrán mantener su apuesta, quienes no, la perderán.
Dinero Real La opción de jugar gratis siempre es algo llamativo, pero quienes buscar conseguir un ingreso extra tienen muy claro el mensaje a seguir: juega al Blackjack con Dinero Real.
Aquí vamos a explicar todas las opciones que hay en tu mano para lanzarte al terreno del blackjack con dinero real.
Hay mucho donde escoger, pero hay que saber ir con cabeza si realmente se quiere obtener un buen beneficio. High Roller Que haya usuarios que comienzan a dar sus primeros pasos en el terreno de los juegos de azar y las cartas no implica que no haya expertos.
El Blackjack para High Rollers es la clara prueba de que hay casinos que tienen en cuenta a los más veteranos, permitiendo apuestas mucho más elevadas y recompensas realmente jugosas.
Double Exposure La categoría Blackjack Double Exposure es una que llama la atención porque la banca recibe directamente dos cartas boca arriba, lo que da una gran ventaja al resto de jugadores, que pueden maniobrar y plantear sus estrategias con este dato en cuenta.
Da cierta ventaja a los jugadores por encima de la banca. Atlantic City Las principales características del blackjack Atlantic City convierten a este juego en uno que se diferencia bastante de otras modalidades de juego del Su origen viene de la ciudad que le da nombre, Atlantic City, donde se ha convertido en una de las modalidades preferidas de los jugadores de los casinos que hay por la zona.
Popularidad que no ha tardado en extenderse a otros lugares, entre ellos los casinos online. En Vivo El Blackjack En vivo se caracteriza por contar con un croupier real por pantalla. En los casinos online, esta es una de las modalidades más solicitadas, ya que permite jugar partidas con una persona de verdad, con un profesional que está ahí para hacer la velada más amena con cada comentario y reparto de cartas.
Surrender El Blackjack Surrender tiene las mismas normas que el Blackjack tradicional, pero su nombre procede de una regla que lo hace muy especial. Si el jugador tiene una mano que considera perdedora, puede solicitar su retirada de la ronda, teniendo que pagar solo la mitad de la apuesta que realizara al comenzar.
Vegas Strip El Blackjack Vegas Strip es muy conocido, dado que se juega en la mayoría de casinos de Las Vegas. En esta modalidad, el croupier reparte una carta boca arriba a cada jugador y, después una también boca arriba a sí mismo.
Después, vuelve a repartir otra boca arriba a los jugadores y, esta vez, la suya boca abajo. En caso de que tenga un As a la vista, se ofrece un seguro por posible pérdida; si no, se sigue como de costumbre. Pontoon La principal diferencia, además del nombre, es el origen.
El Pontoon procede de Gran Bretaña, y su significado es, de hecho, el mismo que el del Blackjack para los estadounidenses. Ambos juegos comparten gran parte de su reglamento, con el mismo valor para los naipes e incluso esa persecución del 21 como regla principal para determinar ganadores y perdedores.
Multihand Para quien no lo conozca, el Multihand o blackjack multimano es una modalidad que consiste en que el jugador puede acumular varias manos simultáneamente para hacer sus apuestas. In most casinos, the dealer looks at the down card and pays off or takes the insurance bet immediately.
In other casinos, the payoff waits until the end of the play. In face-down games, if a player has more than one hand, they can look at all their hands before deciding.
This is the only condition where a player can look at multiple hands. Players with blackjack can also take insurance. When this happens, it is called 'even money,' as the player is giving up their payout for a payout when taking insurance with a blackjack, under the condition that they still get paid if the dealer also has a blackjack.
Insurance bets lose money in the long run. The dealer has a blackjack less than one-third of the time. In some games, players can also take insurance when a valued card shows, but the dealer has an ace in the hole less than one-tenth of the time.
The insurance bet is susceptible to advantage play. It is advantageous to make an insurance bet whenever the hole card has more than a one in three chance of being a ten. Card counting techniques can identify such situations. Note: Where changes in the house edge due to changes in the rules are stated in percentage terms, the difference is usually stated here in percentage points , not a percentage.
Blackjack rules are generally set by regulations that establish permissible rule variations at the casino's discretion. Most of the house's edge comes from the fact that the player loses when both the player and dealer bust. The house edge for games where blackjack pays 6 to 5 instead of 3 to 2 increases by about 1.
Player deviations from basic strategy also increase the house edge. Each game has a rule about whether the dealer must hit or stand on soft 17, which is generally printed on the table surface.
The variation where the dealer must hit soft 17 is abbreviated "H17" in blackjack literature, with "S17" used for the stand-on-soft variation. Substituting an "H17" rule with an "S17" rule in a game benefits the player, decreasing the house edge by about 0.
All things being equal, using fewer decks decreases the house edge. This mainly reflects an increased likelihood of player blackjack, since if the player draws a ten on their first card, the subsequent probability of drawing an ace is higher with fewer decks.
It also reflects the decreased likelihood of a blackjack—blackjack push in a game with fewer decks. Casinos generally compensate by tightening other rules in games with fewer decks, to preserve the house edge or discourage play altogether.
When offering single-deck blackjack games, casinos are more likely to disallow doubling on soft hands or after splitting, restrict resplitting, require higher minimum bets, and pay the player less than for a winning blackjack.
The following table illustrates the mathematical effect on the house edge of the number of decks, by considering games with various deck counts under the following ruleset: double after split allowed, resplit to four hands allowed, no hitting split aces, no surrendering, double on any two cards, original bets only lost on dealer blackjack, dealer hits soft 17, and cut-card used.
The increase in house edge per unit increase in the number of decks is most dramatic when comparing the single-deck game to the two-deck game, and becomes progressively smaller as more decks are added. Surrender, for those games that allow it, is usually not permitted against a dealer blackjack; if the dealer's first card is an ace or ten, the hole card is checked to make sure there is no blackjack before surrender is offered.
This rule protocol is consequently known as "late" surrender. The alternative, "early" surrender, gives the player the option to surrender before the dealer checks for blackjack, or in a no hole card game. Early surrender is much more favorable to the player than late surrender.
For late surrender, however, while it is tempting to opt for surrender on any hand which will probably lose, the correct strategy is to only surrender on the very worst hands, because having even a one-in-four chance of winning the full bet is better than losing half the bet and pushing the other half, as entailed by surrendering.
If the cards of a post-split hand have the same value, most games allow the player to split again, or "resplit".
The player places a further wager, and the dealer separates the new pair dealing a further card to each as before. Some games allow unlimited resplitting, while others may limit it to a certain number of hands, such as four hands for example, "resplit to 4". After splitting aces, the common rule is that only one card will be dealt to each ace; the player cannot split, double, or take another hit on either hand.
Rule variants include allowing resplitting aces or allowing the player to hit split aces. Games allowing aces to be resplit are not uncommon, but those allowing the player to hit split aces are extremely rare.
Allowing the player to hit hands resulting from split aces reduces the house edge by about 0. Note that a ten-value card dealt on a split ace or vice versa will not be counted as a blackjack but as a soft After a split, most games allow doubling down on the new two-card hands.
Disallowing doubling after a split increases the house edge by about 0. Under the " Reno rule", doubling down is only permitted on hard totals of 9, 10, or 11 under a similar European rule, only 10 or The basic strategy would otherwise call for some doubling down with hard 9 and soft 13—18, and advanced players can identify situations where doubling on soft 19—20 and hard 8, 7, and even 6 is advantageous.
The Reno rule prevents the player from taking advantage of double-down in these situations and thereby increases the player's expected loss. The Reno rule increases the house edge by around 0.
In most non-U. casinos, a "no hole card" game is played, meaning that the dealer does not draw nor consult their second card until after all players have finished making decisions.
With no hole card, it is rarely the correct basic strategy to double or split against a dealer ten or ace, since a dealer blackjack will result in the loss of the split and double bets; the only exception is with a pair of aces against a dealer 10, where it is still correct to split.
In all other cases, a stand, hit, or surrender is called for. For instance, when holding 11 against a dealer 10, the correct strategy is to double in a hole card game where the player knows the dealer's second card is not an ace , but to hit in a no-hole card game. The no-hole-card rule adds approximately 0.
The "original bets only" rule variation appearing in certain no hole card games states that if the player's hand loses to a dealer blackjack, only the mandatory initial bet "original" is forfeited, and all optional bets, meaning doubles and splits, are pushed. In many casinos, a blackjack pays only or even instead of the usual This is most common at tables with lower table minimums.
Although this payoff was originally limited to single-deck games, it has spread to double-deck and shoe games. Among common rule variations in the U. Since blackjack occurs in approximately 4. Video blackjack machines generally pay a payout for a blackjack. The rule that bets on tied hands are lost rather than pushed is catastrophic to the player.
Though rarely used in standard blackjack, it is sometimes seen in "blackjack-like" games, such as in some charity casinos. Each blackjack game has a basic strategy, the optimal method of playing any hand. When using basic strategy, the long-term house advantage the expected loss of the player is minimized.
An example of a basic strategy is shown in the table below, which applies to a game with the following specifications: [15]. Most basic strategy decisions are the same for all blackjack games. Rule variations call for changes in only a few situations.
For example, to use the table above on a game with the stand-on-soft rule which favors the player, and is typically found only at higher-limit tables today only 6 cells would need to be changed: hit on 11 vs.
A, hit on 15 vs. A, stand on 17 vs. A, stand on A,7 vs. Regardless of the specific rule variations, taking insurance or "even money" is never the correct play under a basic strategy. Estimates of the house edge for blackjack games quoted by casinos and gaming regulators are based on the assumption that the players follow basic strategy.
Most blackjack games have a house edge of between 0. Casino promotions such as complimentary matchplay vouchers or blackjack payouts allow players to acquire an advantage without deviating from basic strategy.
The basic strategy is based on a player's point total and the dealer's visible card. Players can sometimes improve on this decision by considering the composition of their hand, not just the point total.
For example, players should ordinarily stand when holding 12 against a dealer 4. But in a single deck game, players should hit if their 12 consists of a 10 and a 2. The presence of a 10 in the player's hand has two consequences: [17]. Even when basic and composition-dependent strategies lead to different actions, the difference in expected reward is small, and it becomes smaller with more decks.
Using a composition-dependent strategy rather than a basic strategy in a single-deck game reduces the house edge by 4 in 10,, which falls to 3 in , for a six-deck game.
Blackjack has been a high-profile target for advantage players since the s. Advantage play attempts to win more using skills such as memory, computation, and observation. While these techniques are legal, they can give players a mathematical edge in the game, making advantage players unwanted customers for casinos.
Advantage play can lead to ejection or blacklisting. Some advantageous play techniques in blackjack include:. During the course of a blackjack shoe, the dealer exposes the dealt cards. Players can infer from their accounting of the exposed cards which cards remain.
These inferences can be used in the following ways:. A card counting system assigns a point score to each card rank e. When a card is exposed, a counter adds the score of that card to a running total, the 'count'.
A card counter uses this count to make betting and playing decisions. The count starts at 0 for a freshly shuffled deck for "balanced" counting systems. Unbalanced counts are often started at a value that depends on the number of decks used in the game.
Blackjack's house edge is usually around 0. Card counting works best when a few cards remain. This makes single-deck games better for counters. As a result, casinos are more likely to insist that players do not reveal their cards to one another in single-deck games. In games with more decks, casinos limit penetration by ending the shoe and reshuffling when one or more decks remain undealt.
Casinos also sometimes use a shuffling machine to reintroduce the cards whenever a deck has been played. Sometimes a casino might ban a card counter from the property. The use of external devices to help count cards is illegal throughout the United States.
Another advantage play technique, mainly applicable in multi-deck games, involves tracking groups of cards also known as slugs, clumps, or packs through the shuffle and then playing and betting according to when those cards come into play from a new shoe. Shuffle tracking requires excellent eyesight and powers of visual estimation but is harder to detect; shuffle trackers' actions are largely unrelated to the composition of the cards in the shoe.
Arnold Snyder's articles in Blackjack Forum magazine brought shuffle tracking to the general public. His book, The Shuffle Tracker's Cookbook , mathematically analyzed the player edge available from shuffle tracking based on the actual size of the tracked slug.
Jerry L. Patterson also developed and published a shuffle-tracking method for tracking favorable clumps of cards and cutting them into play and tracking unfavorable clumps of cards and cutting them out of play.
The player can also gain an advantage by identifying cards from distinctive wear markings on their backs, or by hole carding observing during the dealing process the front of a card dealt face-down. These methods are generally legal although their status in particular jurisdictions may vary.
Many blackjack tables offer side bets on various outcomes including: [28]. The side wager is typically placed in a designated area next to the box for the main wager.
A player wishing to wager on a side bet usually must place a wager on blackjack. Some games require that the blackjack wager should equal or exceed any side bet wager. A non-controlling player of a blackjack hand is usually permitted to place a side bet regardless of whether the controlling player does so.
The house edge for side bets is generally higher than for the blackjack game itself. Nonetheless, side bets can be susceptible to card counting. A side count designed specifically for a particular side bet can improve the player's edge. Only a few side bets, like "Insurance" and "Lucky Ladies", correlate well with the high-low counting system and offer a sufficient win rate to justify the effort of advantage play.
In team play, it is common for team members to be dedicated to only counting a side bet using a specialized count. Some casinos, as well as general betting outlets, provide blackjack among a selection of casino-style games at electronic consoles.
Video blackjack game rules are generally more favorable to the house; e. Video and online blackjack games generally deal each round from a fresh shoe i. Blackjack is a member of the family of traditional card games played recreationally worldwide.
Most of these games have not been adapted for casino play. Furthermore, the casino game development industry actively produces blackjack variants, most of which are ultimately not adopted by casinos.
The following are the most prominent and established variants in casinos. Examples of local traditional and recreational related games include French vingt-et-un 'twenty-one' and German Siebzehn und Vier 'seventeen and four'.
Neither game allows splitting. An ace counts only eleven, but two aces count as a blackjack. It is mostly played in private circles and barracks. The popular British member of the vingt-un family is called "pontoon", the name being probably a corruption of vingt-et-un.
In , professional gamblers worldwide were invited to nominate great blackjack players for admission into the Blackjack Hall of Fame.
Seven members were inducted in , with new people inducted every year after. The Hall of Fame is at the Barona Casino in San Diego. Members include Edward O. Thorp , author of the s book Beat the Dealer ; Ken Uston , who popularized the concept of team play; Arnold Snyder , author and editor of the Blackjack Forum trade journal; and Stanford Wong , author and popularizer of "Wonging".
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